The sedative and physiological effects of xylazine (50–110 mg per elephant 0.09–0.15 mg/kg IM) were evaluated in 15 juvenile Asian elephants ( Elephas maximus) in Sri Lanka. Further research is needed to ascertain its usefulness in nonmammalian taxa.Įvaluation and improvement of immobilization methods are important for wildlife welfare and biodiversity conservation. The data indicate that Suprelorin is an effective and safe contraceptive option for female mammals, although it may not be effective in males of some mammalian species. The two current formulations of Suprelorin are effective for minimums of 6 (4.7 mg) or 12 mo (9.4 mg). However, the stimulatory phase can be prevented by treatment with megestrol acetate for 7 d before and 7 d after implant insertion. Although deslorelin appears very safe, a possible exception exists in carnivores, because the stimulatory phase can result in ovulation and subsequent sustained progesterone secretion that may cause endometrial pathology. Too few reptiles and fish have been treated for meaningful analysis. The failure rate has been higher in birds, with 14.7% of individuals in 7.2% of bouts producing eggs, perhaps reflecting differences in avian GnRH molecules. Efficacy has been high in mammals, with failures resulting in offspring in only 1.3% of treated individuals and 0.5% of treatment bouts. Nevertheless, it has been used mostly in females. Deslorelin, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist, stimulates the reproductive system before downregulating receptors on pituitary cells that produce hormones that stimulate gonadal steroids in both males (testosterone) and females (estradiol and progesterone), interrupting sperm production and ovulation, respectively. More recently its use has increased in birds and in some reptiles and fish. This study used the joint RMC-RMG Contraception Database to analyze efficacy of deslorelin implants (Suprelorin ®), a contraceptive used in a wide range of mammalian taxa. The Association of Zoos and Aquariums Reproductive Management Center (RMC) in the US and the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria Reproductive Management Group (RMG) in Europe monitor efficacy of contraceptive products in participating institutions and use those results to inform contraceptive recommendations. Apparent species predilections for neoplasia include mammary adenocarcinoma in tigers, jaguars, lions, and jungle cats lymphoma in lions and tigers squamous cell carcinoma in snow leopards pheochromocytoma in clouded leopards ovarian adenocarcinoma in jaguars cholangiocarcinoma in lions and tigers multiple myeloma in tigers bronchoalveolar adenocarcinoma in cougars and lions hemangiosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma in lions mesothelioma in clouded leopards, lions, and tigers myelolipoma and cutaneous mast cell tumor in cheetahs soft tissue sarcomas in tigers and transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in fishing cats. Based on this review, mammary adenocarcinoma (183/1,483, 12.3%), lymphoma (89/1,483, 6.0%), squamous cell carcinoma (85/1,483, 5.7%), pheochromocytoma (57/1,483, 3.8%), and thyroid adenoma (57/1,483, 3.8%) are the most frequently reported neoplasms in nondomestic felids in human care. Some of the cases identified in the literature were from the NWZP archive. Wild cactus 1993 free download archive#The 554 neoplasms identified in 20 species in the NWZP archive were combined with the 984 neoplasms identified in those same species in the published literature. This retrospective study of neoplasia in nondomestic felids in human care presents the cases diagnosed at Northwest ZooPath (NWZP), Monroe, Washington, from 1998 to 2017 in conjunction with a scoping literature review.
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